As humans, we experience a lot of emotions. And because everyone experiences emotions differently, determining what is “normal” can feel impossible. But did you know that depression is often underdiagnosed and undertreated because people think they’re just in a “funk”? Today, we’re discussing the differences between the two and when you should seek help to understand and manage your feelings.
Depression vs. Sadness
Sadness is an emotional state of unhappiness. And while it can be all-encompassing at times, a sad person can be comforted and experience happiness and joy – even if they’re in short bursts.
On the other hand, depression is a mental illness that affects every aspect of life. A person experiencing depression often loses interest in the things and people they used to enjoy.
Depression may look like:
- Constant feelings of sadness
- Irritability
- Fatigue
- Changes in sleeping or eating patterns
- Difficulty concentrating
- Loss of interest in things you once loved
- Feelings of deep, unwarranted guilt
- Headaches, body aches, and other physical symptoms without a specific cause
- Feeling worthless
- Inability to make decisions
- Constant thoughts about death
- Suicidal thoughts or actions
A person who is sad may experience some of these symptoms, but generally, these feelings don’t last more than two weeks. If a person is depressed, they will experience constant symptoms for over two weeks.
Risk Factors for Depression
Depression can occur in men and women of any age, ethnic group, or socioeconomic background. And while there are risk factors involved, having one or more of them doesn’t guarantee that you will become depressed.
Risk factors include:
- Childhood or teenage trauma
- Inability to cope with major, devastating life events
- Low self-esteem
- Family history of mental illness
- History of substance abuse
- Lack of family or community acceptance
- Trouble adjusting to medical conditions or body changes
- Lack of support system
When to Seek Help
If you experience sadness or other depression symptoms for more than two weeks, you should talk to your doctor. If you or someone you know is experiencing suicidal thoughts, contact emergency services for immediate medical help.
Treating Sadness and Depression
If you’re experiencing a bout of sadness, minor lifestyle changes can help. Prioritize things that make you happy, like reading, hiking, watching your favorite movie or TV show, meditating, getting enough sleep, and slowing down.
Lifestyle changes can certainly help with depression as well, but they may not be all you need to do. If you’re depressed, therapy and antidepressants may be worth considering. Always speak with your doctor for more information.